WaterAgentGroundwater intelligence

Data sources

Every dataset WaterAgent uses or plans to use, generated from the data catalogue. A dataset is listed as integrated only once it has been connected and tested.

Integrated (8)

Oulad Teima test area

WaterAgent project

IntegratedProject-defined

A rectangle 25 km around the test site, chosen by the project. It is the area the real layers were clipped to, not a basin or administrative boundary.

Evidence family
Pilot boundary
Geographic coverage
30.16891 to 30.62109 N, -9.46936 to -8.94864 E
Resolution
Rectangle
Date range
Not applicable
Update cadence
Changes only when the test site is changed and the scripts are re-run
Licence / terms
Project configuration
Access method
scripts/data/site.json
Validation status
Not applicable - project choice
Catalogue entry updated
2026-10-09
What this can tell us
Whether a point lies inside the area covered by the real layers.
What this cannot tell us
Whether a point is inside the Souss-Massa basin.

Limitations

  • Not a hydrological or administrative boundary.

Copernicus DEM (30 m)

European Space Agency / Copernicus

IntegratedReal data

Global digital elevation model used to derive elevation, slope and drainage context. SRTM is an alternative source of the same kind.

Evidence family
Terrain
Geographic coverage
Oulad Teima test area (25 km around the test site)
Resolution
Native 1 arc-second (about 30 m); averaged here to 9x9 pixels (about 276 m)
Date range
Surface model from TanDEM-X acquisitions, 2011-2015
Update cadence
Static; occasional reprocessed releases
Licence / terms
Free for the general public under the Copernicus DEM licence: https://dataspace.copernicus.eu/explore-data/data-collections/copernicus-contributing-missions/collections-description/COP-DEM
Access method
Static file in data/processed, produced by a script in scripts/data
Validation status
Downloaded and clipped by script; values not yet reviewed by a hydrogeologist
Catalogue entry updated
2026-10-09
Attribution
Copernicus Digital Elevation Model (DEM), accessed from https://registry.opendata.aws/copernicus-dem
Downloaded
2026-10-09
Source page
https://registry.opendata.aws/copernicus-dem/
What this can tell us
Elevation, slope and likely surface drainage paths.
What this cannot tell us
Subsurface structure or the presence of groundwater.

Limitations

  • Surface information only.
  • Digital surface model: includes buildings and vegetation.
  • Slope is computed at native resolution and averaged per cell.

CHIRPS rainfall

Climate Hazards Center, UC Santa Barbara

IntegratedReal data

Gridded rainfall estimates blending satellite observations with station data.

Evidence family
Climate and rainfall
Geographic coverage
Oulad Teima test area (25 km around the test site)
Resolution
0.05 degrees (about 5 km); monthly
Date range
1991-2024 (complete calendar years)
Update cadence
Monthly final product; preliminary data more often
Licence / terms
Public domain. The Climate Hazards Center has waived all copyright and related rights to CHIRPS (registered with Creative Commons).
Access method
Static file in data/processed, produced by a script in scripts/data
Validation status
Downloaded and clipped by script; values not yet reviewed by a hydrogeologist
Catalogue entry updated
2026-10-09
Attribution
Funk et al. (2015), The climate hazards infrared precipitation with stations, Scientific Data 2, 150066. https://www.nature.com/articles/sdata201566
Downloaded
2026-10-09
Source page
https://www.chc.ucsb.edu/data/chirps
What this can tell us
Rainfall amounts and variability over years, which drive recharge.
What this cannot tell us
How much rainfall actually recharges an aquifer at a site.

Limitations

  • Accuracy depends on local station density, which can be low in mountain areas.
  • Retrieved through the NOAA ERDDAP copy: https://upwell.pfeg.noaa.gov/erddap/griddap/chirps20GlobalMonthlyP05
  • Satellite estimate blended with station data; accuracy depends on station density, which is low in mountain areas.
  • Baseline mean uses 1991-2020.
  • Trend is an ordinary least-squares fit of annual totals; the p-value is two-sided.

ESA WorldCover 10 m land cover

European Space Agency (ESA WorldCover consortium)

IntegratedReal data

Global land-cover classification for 2021 from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 imagery, in eleven classes.

Evidence family
Surface context
Geographic coverage
Oulad Teima test area (25 km around the test site)
Resolution
Native 10 m; summarised here as the most common class in 30x30 pixel cells (about 276 m)
Date range
2021 (Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 acquisitions)
Update cadence
Static; the 2021 map is the latest release
Licence / terms
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Access method
Static file in data/processed, produced by a script in scripts/data
Validation status
Downloaded and clipped by script; values not yet reviewed by a hydrogeologist
Catalogue entry updated
2026-10-09
Attribution
Zanaga, D., Van De Kerchove, R., Daems, D., et al. (2022). ESA WorldCover 10 m 2021 v200. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7254221. (c) ESA WorldCover project 2021 / Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2021) processed by ESA WorldCover consortium.
Downloaded
2026-10-09
Source page
https://esa-worldcover.org/en/data-access
What this can tell us
What covers the surface: cropland, trees, shrubs, built-up land, bare ground or water.
What this cannot tell us
Anything below the surface, or whether cropland is irrigated from groundwater.

Limitations

  • A classification of satellite imagery; classes can be confused in dry areas.
  • A classification of satellite imagery: classes can be wrong, especially between cropland, grassland and bare ground in dry areas.
  • Each cell keeps only its most common class; smaller features are lost.
  • Describes 2021 and does not show later land-use change.

SoilGrids 2.0 soil texture

ISRIC - World Soil Information

IntegratedReal data

Global predictions of clay, sand and silt content at standard depths, from a machine-learning model trained on soil profiles.

Evidence family
Surface context
Geographic coverage
Oulad Teima test area (25 km around the test site)
Resolution
250 m, resampled to geographic coordinates by the ISRIC service
Date range
Model release 2020, trained on soil profiles of many dates
Update cadence
Static model release
Licence / terms
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Access method
Static file in data/processed, produced by a script in scripts/data
Validation status
Downloaded and clipped by script; values not yet reviewed by a hydrogeologist
Catalogue entry updated
2026-10-09
Attribution
Poggio, L., de Sousa, L. M., Batjes, N. H., et al. (2021). SoilGrids 2.0: producing soil information for the globe with quantified spatial uncertainty. SOIL 7, 217-240. https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-217-2021
Downloaded
2026-10-09
Source page
https://www.isric.org/explore/soilgrids
What this can tell us
The likely texture of the topsoil, which influences how easily rain infiltrates.
What this cannot tell us
Soil depth, deeper layers, or how much water reaches an aquifer.

Limitations

  • A model prediction, not a soil survey. Few soil profiles exist in this region.
  • A machine-learning prediction from soil profiles and environmental layers, not a soil survey. Few profiles exist in this region, so local values are uncertain.
  • Depth-weighted mean of the 0-5, 5-15 and 15-30 cm layers.
  • Texture class follows the USDA triangle.
  • Describes the top 30 cm only. SoilGrids 2.0 has no soil-depth layer.

Africa Groundwater Atlas country hydrogeology map, Morocco

British Geological Survey

IntegratedReal data

National overview map of geology, aquifer type and aquifer productivity at 1:5,000,000, Version 1.0.

Evidence family
Geology and aquifer
Geographic coverage
Oulad Teima test area (25 km around the test site)
Resolution
1:5,000,000 map
Date range
Compiled 2019/2021 from the 1964 UNESCO geological map of Africa
Update cadence
Static; Version 1.0
Licence / terms
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Access method
Static file in data/processed, produced by a script in scripts/data
Validation status
Downloaded and clipped by script; values not yet reviewed by a hydrogeologist
Catalogue entry updated
2026-10-10
Attribution
British Geological Survey. 2019/2021. Africa Groundwater Atlas Country Hydrogeology Maps. Africa Groundwater Atlas (https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/index.cfm). Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes made: clipped to the pilot extent; attribute fields renamed; aquifer codes written out in words.
Downloaded
2026-10-10
Source page
https://africagroundwateratlas.org/downloadGIS.html
What this can tell us
Which broad aquifer type and geological unit a region lies in.
What this cannot tell us
Anything about a single parcel: unit boundaries are generalised by kilometres.

Limitations

  • A 1:5,000,000 overview map; regional context only.
  • A national overview map at 1:5,000,000. Unit boundaries are generalised by kilometres; it cannot describe a single parcel.
  • Productivity is a class for the aquifer as a whole: the average yield of a single, effectively sited and developed borehole. It is not a yield for any particular site.
  • This clipped file is an adaptation and is itself released under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Quantitative maps of groundwater resources in Africa

British Geological Survey (MacDonald et al. 2012)

IntegratedReal data

Modeled continental maps of depth to groundwater, aquifer productivity and groundwater storage, as classes on a grid of about 5 km.

Evidence family
Geology and aquifer
Geographic coverage
Oulad Teima test area (25 km around the test site)
Resolution
0.05 degree grid (about 5 km); classes, not values
Date range
Published 2012; depth-to-groundwater map version 2
Update cadence
Static
Licence / terms
Open Government Licence, https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
Access method
Static file in data/processed, produced by a script in scripts/data
Validation status
Downloaded and clipped by script; values not yet reviewed by a hydrogeologist
Catalogue entry updated
2026-10-10
Attribution
Contains data supplied by permission of the Natural Environment Research Council [2023]. MacDonald, A. M., Bonsor, H. C., O Dochartaigh, B. E. and Taylor, R. G. (2012). Quantitative maps of groundwater resources in Africa. Environmental Research Letters 7, 024009. https://doi.org/10.5285/e37d09e7-6388-494b-99c8-10958d6d78c4
Downloaded
2026-10-10
Source page
https://doi.org/10.5285/e37d09e7-6388-494b-99c8-10958d6d78c4
What this can tell us
The class a continental model assigns to a cell about 5 km across.
What this cannot tell us
The water level, depth or yield at any particular site, or the effect of pumping since the map was made.

Limitations

  • Modeled classes on a grid of about 5 km; regional context only.
  • Modeled continental maps on a grid of about 5 km. Each cell carries one class for the whole cell; it cannot describe a single parcel.
  • Depth to groundwater is an estimated class, not a measured water level, and takes no account of pumping since the map was made.
  • Productivity is the class of yield a well-sited borehole in the aquifer might give. It is not a yield for any particular site.

Logged wells (user-reported, unverified)

Entered by the user of this WaterAgent installation

IntegratedUser-reported, unverified

Wells entered through the app: depth to water, well depth and, optionally, yield, electrical conductivity, date or season, and notes.

Evidence family
Wells and monitoring points
Geographic coverage
Wherever the user has logged a well
Resolution
Point records
Date range
As entered
Update cadence
Whenever a well is logged
Licence / terms
Private - not for redistribution
Access method
Local JSON file (data/wells/wells.json), not committed and not web-served
Validation status
User-reported, unverified: entered by hand and checked for consistency only
Catalogue entry updated
2026-10-09
What this can tell us
What was observed at a nearby well at the time of measurement.
What this cannot tell us
Conditions at the selected point, or how the water table has changed since.

Limitations

  • Values are as entered and may contain errors.
  • Coordinates are stored in full locally and shown rounded to three decimals.

Planned — not yet connected (9)

Souss-Massa pilot boundary

To be selected

Planned

A real boundary dataset for the pilot region. Whether it is a hydrological watershed or the administrative Hydraulic Basin Agency boundary must be recorded when it is chosen.

Evidence family
Pilot boundary
Geographic coverage
Souss-Massa basin, Morocco
Resolution
To be confirmed
Date range
To be confirmed
Update cadence
To be confirmed
Licence / terms
To be confirmed before integration
Access method
To be confirmed
Validation status
Not yet integrated
Catalogue entry updated
2026-10-09
What this can tell us
Whether a point lies inside the pilot region.
What this cannot tell us
Anything about groundwater.

Limitations

  • No dataset has been selected yet.

GRACE / GRACE-FO terrestrial water-storage anomalies

NASA / GFZ

Planned

Satellite gravimetry estimates of changes in total water storage (groundwater, soil moisture, surface water and snow combined).

Evidence family
Regional water-storage trend
Geographic coverage
Global
Resolution
Hundreds of kilometres; monthly
Date range
2002 onward, with a gap between the two missions
Update cadence
Monthly solutions, released with a delay of some months
Licence / terms
To be confirmed before integration
Access method
To be confirmed
Validation status
Not yet integrated
Catalogue entry updated
2026-10-09
What this can tell us
Multi-year trends in total water storage over very large regions.
What this cannot tell us
Groundwater alone, or conditions at a single farm or well site.

Limitations

  • Far too coarse for site selection.
  • Measures total water storage, not groundwater specifically.

ERA5 climate reanalysis

ECMWF / Copernicus Climate Change Service

Planned

Global atmospheric reanalysis providing temperature, precipitation and evaporation-related variables.

Evidence family
Climate and rainfall
Geographic coverage
Global
Resolution
Tens of kilometres; hourly
Date range
1940 onward
Update cadence
Daily updates, a few days behind real time
Licence / terms
To be confirmed before integration
Access method
To be confirmed
Validation status
Not yet integrated
Catalogue entry updated
2026-10-09
What this can tell us
Long-term climate context such as temperature and evaporative demand.
What this cannot tell us
Local conditions below its grid size, or anything about the subsurface.

Limitations

  • Coarse grid; modelled rather than directly observed.

Copernicus Sentinel-1 radar

European Space Agency / Copernicus

Planned

Radar imagery that can support land-surface and ground-deformation analysis.

Evidence family
Surface context
Geographic coverage
Global
Resolution
Tens of metres
Date range
2014 onward
Update cadence
New acquisitions every 6 to 12 days
Licence / terms
To be confirmed before integration
Access method
To be confirmed
Validation status
Not yet integrated
Catalogue entry updated
2026-10-09
What this can tell us
Surface change, and with specialist processing, possible ground deformation.
What this cannot tell us
Water underground. Deformation analysis needs expert processing and interpretation.

Limitations

  • Not a direct groundwater measurement.

Copernicus Sentinel-2 optical imagery

European Space Agency / Copernicus

Planned

Optical imagery for land cover, vegetation and agricultural context.

Evidence family
Surface context
Geographic coverage
Global land
Resolution
10 to 60 m
Date range
2015 onward
Update cadence
New acquisitions about every 5 days
Licence / terms
To be confirmed before integration
Access method
To be confirmed
Validation status
Not yet integrated
Catalogue entry updated
2026-10-09
What this can tell us
Land cover, vegetation vigour and irrigated-area context.
What this cannot tell us
Water underground.

Limitations

  • Surface information only; affected by cloud.

Landsat imagery

NASA / USGS

Planned

Long historical record of optical and thermal surface observations.

Evidence family
Surface context
Geographic coverage
Global land
Resolution
30 m (optical)
Date range
Decades of archive
Update cadence
New acquisitions every 8 to 16 days
Licence / terms
To be confirmed before integration
Access method
To be confirmed
Validation status
Not yet integrated
Catalogue entry updated
2026-10-09
What this can tell us
How land use and vegetation have changed over decades.
What this cannot tell us
Water underground.

Limitations

  • Surface information only.

Moroccan geological and hydrogeological maps

To be identified

Planned

Published geological and hydrogeological mapping, including aquifer boundaries, for the pilot region.

Evidence family
Geology and aquifer
Geographic coverage
Pilot region
Resolution
To be confirmed
Date range
To be confirmed
Update cadence
To be confirmed; published maps are revised rarely
Licence / terms
To be confirmed; access and reuse rights are not yet known
Access method
To be confirmed
Validation status
Not yet integrated
Catalogue entry updated
2026-10-09
What this can tell us
Mapped rock types and aquifer units at a location.
What this cannot tell us
Water depth, yield or quality at a specific point without field data.

Limitations

  • Source, scale and licence not yet established.

Hydraulic Basin Agency monitoring records

Agence du Bassin Hydraulique de Souss-Massa (ABH Souss-Massa)

Planned

Groundwater-level monitoring (piezometer) records.

Evidence family
Wells and monitoring points
Geographic coverage
Pilot region
Resolution
Point records
Date range
To be confirmed
Update cadence
To be confirmed with the agency
Licence / terms
To be confirmed; requires an agreement with the agency
Access method
To be confirmed
Validation status
Not yet integrated
Catalogue entry updated
2026-10-09
What this can tell us
Measured groundwater levels and how they change over time near a site.
What this cannot tell us
Conditions away from the monitored points.

Limitations

  • Access has not been requested or granted.

Verified borehole and well records

To be identified

Planned

Records of drilled wells, including dry and low-yield wells where available.

Evidence family
Wells and monitoring points
Geographic coverage
Pilot region
Resolution
Point records
Date range
To be confirmed
Update cadence
To be confirmed
Licence / terms
To be confirmed
Access method
To be confirmed
Validation status
Not yet integrated
Catalogue entry updated
2026-10-09
What this can tell us
What was actually found where others have drilled nearby.
What this cannot tell us
What will be found at a new point, especially in variable geology.

Limitations

  • No source identified yet.

Basemap

The basemap is supplied by a configurable tile provider. Its attribution is shown on the map. The basemap is a visual reference only and is not used as evidence.

https://tile.openstreetmap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png